This data set shows the number of labour force by the highest certificate obtained in all states, Malaysia for year 1982 until 2021. The statistics is derived from Labour Force Survey (LFS) which is conducted every month using household approach.
Labour force refers to those who during the reference week of LFS, are in the 15-64 years age group and who are either employed or unemployed.
Highest certificate obtained refers to the highest certificate obtained from public or private educational institution that provides formal education and is adopted from the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) as follows:
a. UPSR/UPSRA or equivalent
Refers to Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah/Ujian Penilaian Sekolah Rendah Agama or equivalent.
b. PT3/PMR/SRP/LCE/SRA or equivalent
Refers to Pentaksiran Tingkatan 3, Penilaian Menengah Rendah, Sijil Rendah Pelajaran, Lower Certificate of Education, Sijil Rendah Agama or equivalent.
c. SPM or equivalent
Refers to Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia or equivalent (Senior Cambridge Certificate, GCE O Level and Malaysia Certificate of Vocational Education). This includes basic skill certificate obtained from specific trades and technical skills institutions whereby the training period is at least six months such as GIATMARA certificate.
d. STPM or equivalent
Refers to Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia, Higher School Certificate or equivalent (Sijil Tinggi Agama and GCE A Level).
e. Certificate
Refers to certificate obtained from college, polytechnic or other institutions which offers formal education. Duration of certification should not be less than six months.
f. Diploma
Refers to diploma or equivalent certificate obtained after category c, d or e from university, college or polytechnic prior to a degree qualification.
g. Degree
Refers to degree (Bachelor, Masters or Ph.D) obtained from public or private higher institution or equivalent.
h. No certificate
Refers to those who are currently attending school or who have completed schooling without receiving any certificate.
i. Not applicable
Refers to those who have no formal education.
LFS was not conducted during the years 1991 and 1994.
